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Antimicrobial Research Unit

Publications

  • Antibiotic Stewardship and Conservation

  • Evidence-informed strategies for the prevention and containment of antibiotic resistance based on:

    • Surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance in human, (food) animal and environmental health (One Health),

    • Risk factors for the infection/colonization by antibiotic resistant bacteria, and,

    • Infection prevention and control, water sanitation and hygiene (WASH), good husbandry and biosecurity.

  • Molecular epidemiology, pathogenomics and metagenomics of antibiotic resistance using whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis for the characterization of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, their associated mobile genetic elements and genomic environments, clonality and phylogeny.

  • ESKAPE pathogens

  • Health policy and health systems strengthening to optimize the management of infections in the context of antibiotic resistance and stewardship.

  • Efficacy and safety of new potential antibiotic moieties

  • Scholarship of Heath Professional Higher Education

  • Human Resources for Health

Established the “Antimicrobial Research -Unit” in Pharmaceutical Sciences in the School of Health Sciences.

NRF Rating – B2 (2024-2028)

  1. Chigome, A. K., Meyer, J. C., Brink, A., Essack, S., Bronkhorst, E., Dawood, H., Johnson, Y., Coetzee, R., Maphathwana, C., Phaho, M., Malebaco, P., Nhlapo, N., Djukic, F., Heath, A., Cook, A., Kumar, G., Campbell, S. M., Godman, B., & Mendelson, M. (2026). Development of AWaRe-Based Quality Indicators to Assess the Appropriateness of Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Healthcare in South Africa. Antibiotics, 15(2), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15020196
  2. Gumede, N. S., Mbanga, J., Hunter, C., Ramtahal, M., Essack, S. Y., & Bester, L. A. (2026). Genomic Characterisation of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli from an Intensive Poultry Production System in the uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A Snapshot. Antibiotics, 15(2), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15020174  
  3. Valsson, O., Tayler, E., Kitutu, F.E., Bonnah, J., Cornejo, J., Dorado Garcia, A., Dreser, A., Echeverria, A., Essack, S.Y., wt al. (2026). Antibiotic surveillance: an action-oriented integrated approach [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Wellcome Open Research 2026, 11:55 (https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24568.1
  4. Valsson, O., Tayler, E., Kitutu, F.E., Bonnah, J., Cornejo, J., Garcia, A.D.,  Dreser, A., Echeverria, A., Essack, S.Y. et al.  (2025).  Antibiotic surveillance: an action-oriented integrated approach. SEDRIC Working Group Inventory, Proceedings and Annex.  https://doi.org/10.17037/PUBS.04677845
  5. Moon, K., van Bavel, B., Berrang Ford, L. Badger, K., Carter, L., Evans, B., Gaze, W.H., Howard, P., Moodley, A., Allel, K., Eii, M.N., Essack, S., et al. (2025).  A research agenda advancing climate change and antimicrobial resistance as interconnected issues. Nature Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02507-7
  6. Altevogt, B.M., Taylor, P., Akwar, H.T., Graham, D.W., Ogilvie, L.A., Duffy, E. and Essack, S.Y. (2025) A One Health framework for global and local stewardship across the antimicrobial lifecycle. Communications Medicine 5, 414. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-01090-4
  7. Mossialos, E., Essack, S., Mackay, I. & Anderson, M.  (2025).  A layered strategy for tackling antimicrobial resistance: the Swiss cheese model for policy, prevention, and engagement. The Lancet Microbe August 2025, 101215 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101215 Chen, C.; Li, S-L.; Liu, J.; Essack, S.Y. et al. (2025).  Progress and gaps in antimicrobial resistance research within One Health sectors in China: a systematic analysis. SCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences,68 (9) 2755-2767 https://www.sciengine.com/doi/10.1007/s11427-025-2955-6.
  8. Shabangu, K.; Essack, S.Y.; Duma, S.E. (2025). Policy Makers’ Perceptions on Implementation of National Action Plans on Antimicrobial Resistance in South Africa and Eswatini Using Coordination, Accountability, Resourcing, Regulation and Ownership Framework (2018–2019). Antibiotics 14, 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14070696
  9. Deedat, F.Z., Faya, A.M., Gumbi, B.P., Johnston, D.M., Karpoormath, R. & Essack, S.Y.  (2025). The association between antibiotic use in hospitals and residual antibiotic concentrations in hospital effluents: a pilot study, JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance 7 (3) dlaf070, https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlaf070
  10. Masalane, N.S., Bester, L.A., Ismail, A. Essack, S.Y. & Mbanga, J.  (2025).  Drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from patients and hospital effluent: a correlation? BMC Microbiology 25, 284 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-03987-5
  11. Hetsa, B.A., Asante, J., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K., Mbanga, J., Essack, S.Y.  (2025).  Multidrug-Resistant ESKAPEEc Pathogens From Bloodstream Infections in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Resistance to WHO AWaRe Antibiotics. Health Sciences Reports 8 (6):e70897. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70897
  12. Booth, Z., Essack, S. & van Vuuren, S.  (2025). Conventional Antimicrobial and Medicinal Plants from a Traditional Medicine Market in South Africa: An Interactive Antimicrobial and Toxicity Study. Antibiotics 14, 512. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050512
  13. Abdalla, S.E., Bester, L.A., Abia, A.L.K., Allam, M., Ismail, A., Essack, S.Y. & Amoako, D.G.  (2025). Genomic Insights of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Intensive Pig Farming in South Africa Using ‘Farm-to-Fork’ Approach. Antibiotics 14, 446. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050446
  14. Yeboah, E.E.A., Mbanga, J., Amoako D.G., et al. (2025) Whole-Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis  of ESBL- Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Ghanaian Teaching Hospital, BMC Microbiology 25:401 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04101-5
  15. Sati H., Aboderin, A. et al.  (2025).  The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: a prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance.  The Lancet 25 (9), 1033-1043 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00118-5
  16. Mukwevho, F.N., Mbanga, J., Bester, L., Ismail, Essack, S.Y. & Abia, A.L.K. (2025). Potential environmental transmission of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium harbouring multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in surface waters close to informal settlements: a tale of two cities  Science of the Total Environment 976: 179321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179321.
  17. Sutradhar, I., Kalyan, P., Chukwu, K., Abia, A.L.K., Mbanga, J., Essack, S.Y., Hamer, D.H. & Zaman, M.H.  (2025). Environmental Concentrations of Copper and Iron can Alter the Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli against Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline.  Frontiers in Microbiology: Antimicrobials, Resistance and Chemotherapy Manuscript 16: 1539807 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1539807  
  18. Nnah, E.P., Asante, J., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K. & Essack, S.Y. (2025).  Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) at one health interfaces in Africa: A scoping review.  Science of The Total Environment 958: 177580.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177580.
  19. Hetsa, B.A., Asante, J., Mbanga, J., Abia, A.L.K., Amoako, D.G., Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2025).  Genomic Analysis of Virulent, Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca from Bloodstream Infections, South Africa.  Microbial Pathogenesis 107272.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107272.
  20. Chetty, S., Swe Swe-Han, K., Mahabeer, Y., Pillay, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2024).  Interprofessional education in antimicrobial stewardship, a collaborative effort. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance 6 (2) dlae054  https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlae054
  21. Rout, J., Brysiewicz, P. & Essack, S.Y.  (2024).  Management of residual volumes in intermittent medication infusions in hospitals: a scoping review protocol.  British Journal of Nursing 33 (21): https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2024.0135
  22. Referenced in the Editorial:Vanneste, D. (2025). Non-timely and incomplete carbapenem infusions: A plea to include administration practices as a key element in antimicrobial stewardship. Intensive Critical Care Nursing 86:103872. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103569
  23. Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L., Allam, M., Ismail, A., Essack, S.Y.  (2024) Genome analysis of multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis circulating among hospitalized patients in uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Infectious Disease 24(1):671. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09380-3.
  24. Chong, C.E., Pham, T.M., Carey, M.E. et al. Conference report of the 2024 Antimicrobial Resistance Meeting. NPJ Antimicrobials and Resistance 2, 43 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44259-024-00058-z  
  25. Rout, J., Essack, S.Y., & Brysiewicz, P. &  (2024). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of administration of intravenous antimicrobial medicines among intensive care nurses: A descriptive cross-sectional study.  South African Journal of Critical Care 40(3):e1539. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJCC.2024.v40i3.1539
  26. The Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership – South Africa (GARP-SA) Group collaborators (the GARP-SA collaborators), Brink, A., Kgasi, A., Musyoki, A., Kagina, B., Feldman, C., Reddy, D., du Toit, E., Kalanxhi, E. Meyer, J., Impalli, I., Schönfeldt, M., Sibanda, M., Schellack, N., Skosana, P., Essack, S., Dlamini, S. &  Ramsamy, Y.  (2024).  Vaccines in the fight against antimicrobial resistance – perspectives from South Africa South African Medical Journal 114 (9): 45-48.  https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2024.v114i9.2111
  27. Rout, J., Brysiewicz, P. & Essack, S.Y.  (2024).  Antimicrobial infusion practices within intensive care units: Carbapenem infusion preparation and administration process errors.  Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 86; 2025, 103786, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103786.
  28. Hetsa, B.A., Asante, J., Mbanga, J., Ismail, A., Abia, A.L.K., Amoako, D.G. & Essack, S.Y.  (2024). Genomic Characterisation of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Implicated in Bloodstream Infections, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: A Pilot Study.  Antibiotics, 13(9), 796 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090796
  29. Simjee, S., Weese, J., Singh, R.., Trott, D.,  Essack, S.Y., Chuanchuen, R., & Mehrotra, S.  (2024).  Re-defining Cross-resistance, Co-resistance and Co-selection: Beyond Confusion? Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy;  dkae304, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae304
  30. Rout J. & Essack S.  (2024). Nurses’ antimicrobial infusion practice under the spotlight. British Journal of Nursing 33(14):S6-S7. doi: https://10.12968/bjon.2024.0148
  31. Asare Yeboah, E.E., Agyepong, N., Mbanga, J., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K., Ismail, A., Owuso-Ofori, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2024).  Genomic characterization of multi drug resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from patients and patient environments in a teaching hospital in Ghana. BMC Microbiology 24, 250 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03406-1
  32. Cassim, J., Essack, S.Y. & Chetty, S.  (2024) Building an AMS model for a public sector hospital: A pre-implementation study.  Journal of Medical Microbiology; 73 (7) 17 July 2024 : 17 July 2024 https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001853  
  33. Essack, S.Y. & Lenglet, A.  (2024). Bacterial antimicrobial resistance burden in Africa: accuracy, action, and alternatives. The Lancet Global Health; 12(2): e171-e172. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00587-9  
  34. Featured in the January 2024 London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine AMR Centre Newsletter https://mailchi.mp/0fb218176c0c/amr-centre-newsletter-14-june-10224793?e=e1b1d49978
  35. Baker KS, Jauneikaite E, Nunn JG, Midega JT, Atun R, Holt KE, Walia K, Howden BP, Tate H, Okeke IN, Carattoli A, Hsu LY, Hopkins KL, Muloi DM, Wheeler NE, Aanensen DM, Mason LCE, Rodgus J, Hendriksen RS, Essack SY, Egyir B, Halpin AL, MacCannell DR, Campos J, Srikantiah P, Feasey NA, Peacock SJ; SEDRIC Genomics Surveillance Working Group. (2023).  Evidence review and recommendations for the implementation of genomics for antimicrobial resistance surveillance: reports from an international expert group. Lancet Microbe 4(12): e1035-e1039. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00281-1.
  36. Muloi DM, Jauneikaite E, Anjum MF, Essack SY, Singleton DA, Kasudi MR, Wade MJ, Egyir B, Nunn JG, Midega JT, Peacock SJ, Feasey NA, Baker KS, Zadoks RN; SEDRIC Genomics Surveillance Working Group. (2023).   Exploiting genomics for antimicrobial resistance surveillance at One Health interfaces. Lancet Microbe  4(12): e1056-e1062. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00284-7.
  37. Jauneikaite E, Baker KS, Nunn JG, Midega JT, Hsu LY, Singh SR, Halpin AL, Hopkins KL, Price JR, Srikantiah P, Egyir B, Okeke IN, Holt KE, Peacock SJ, Feasey NA; SEDRIC Genomics Surveillance Working Group. (2023).  Genomics for antimicrobial resistance surveillance to support infection prevention and control in health-care facilities. Lancet Microbe; 4(12): e1040-e1046. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00282-3.
  38. Baker KS, Jauneikaite E, Hopkins KL, Lo SW, Sánchez-Busó L, Getino M, Howden BP, Holt KE, Musila LA, Hendriksen RS, Amoako DG, Aanensen DM, Okeke IN, Egyir B, Nunn JG, Midega JT, Feasey NA, Peacock SJ; SEDRIC Genomics Surveillance Working Group. (2023).  Genomics for public health and international surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet Microbe 4(12): e1047-e1055. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00283-5.
  39. Wheeler NE, Price V, Cunningham-Oakes E, Tsang KK, Nunn JG, Midega JT, Anjum MF, Wade MJ, Feasey NA, Peacock SJ, Jauneikaite E, Baker KS; SEDRIC Genomics Surveillance Working Group. (2023).  Innovations in genomic antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Lancet Microbe 4(12): e1063-e1070. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00285-9.
  40. Asare Yeboah, E.E., Agyepong, N., Mbanga, J., Amoako, G.G., Abia, A.L.K., Owusu-Ofori, A & Essack, S.Y. (2023). Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial colonization in patients, carriage by healthcare workers and contamination of hospital environments in Ghana.  Journal of Infection and Public Health 16 Suppl 1: 2-8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.045.
  41. Rout, J., Essack, S.Y. & Bryciewicz, P. (2023). Evaluation of intermittent antimicrobial infusion documentation practices in intensive care units: A cross-sectional study.  Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 79: 10352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103527.
  42. Referenced in the Editorial: Kemp I, McKenzie C. (2023). Intravenous antimicrobial infusions: Getting it right every time, some of the time. Intensive Critical Care Nursing 80:103569. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103569
  43. Chukwu, K.B.; Abafe, O.A.; Amoako, D.G.; Ismail, A.; Essack, S.Y.; Abia, A.L.K.  (2023).  Impact of Environmental Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotics, Heavy Metals, and Biocides on the Emergence of Tolerance and Effects on the Mutant Selection Window in E. coli. Microorganisms 11, 2265. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092265
  44. Chukwu, K.B.; Abafe, O.A.; Amoako, D.G.; Essack, S.Y.; Abia, A.L.K. (2023).  Environmental concentrations of antibiotics, biocides, and heavy metals fail to induce phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli 
    Science of the Total Environment 899, 165721 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165721   
  45. Chukwu, K.B.; Abafe, O.A.; Amoako, D.G.; Essack, S.Y.; Abia, A.L.K. (2023).  Antibiotic, Heavy Metal, and Biocide Concentrations in a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Receiving Water Body Exceed PNEC Limits: Potential for Antimicrobial Resistance Selective Pressure. Antibiotics 12, 1166. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071166
  46. Shobo C., Amoako, D.G., Allam, M., Ismial, A., Essack, S.Y. & Bester L.  (2023) A Genomic Snapshot of Antibiotic Resistant Enterococcus faecalis within Public Hospital Environments in South Africa.  Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics 2023: 6639983. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6639983
  47. Mokhutsoane, L.T. & Essack, S.Y.  (2023).  Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of farmers on antibiotic use, resistance, and stewardship in food animal production systems in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  South African Journal of Animal Science 53 (6): 823 – 834.  https://www.sasas.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/MOKHUTSOANE-28-March-2023ed.pdf
  48. Althaqafi A, Yaseen M, Farahat F, Munshi, A., Al-Hameed, F.M., Alshamrani, M.M., Alsaedi, A., Al Amri, A., Chenia, H. & Essack, S.Y. (2023) Evidence-Based Interventions to Reduce the Incidence of Common Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in an Adult Intensive Care Unit. Cureus 15(6): e39979. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.39979
  49. Essack, S., Bell, J., Burgoyne, D., Eljaaly, K., Tongrod, W., Markham, T., Shephard, A. & López-Pintor, E. (2023) Addressing Consumer Misconceptions on Antibiotic Use and Resistance in the Context of Sore Throat: Learnings from Social Media Listening. Antibiotics 12: 957. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12060957 
  50. Khurana, M.P., Essack, S., Zoubiane, G., Sreenivasan, N., Cordoba, G.C., Westwood, E., Dalsgaard, A., Mdegela, R.H., Mpundu, M., Scotini, R., B Matondo, A.B., Mzula, A., Chanishvili, N., ogebashvili,D., et al. (2023).  Mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using implementation research: a development funder’s approach, JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance 5 (2): April 2023, dlad031, https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlad031
  51.  Althaqafi A, Yaseen M, Farahat F, et al. (2023) Risk Factors for Infection With Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 15(4): e37291. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.37291  
  52. Shabangu, K., Duma S. & Essack, S.Y.  (2023)  Barriers to Implementing National Action Plans on Antimicrobial Resistance using a One Health Approach: Policy-Makers’ Perspectives from South Africa and Eswatini.  Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2023.02.007
  53. Shobo C.O., Essack S.Y, & Bester L.A. (2022) Enterococcal contamination of hospital environments in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Applied Microbiology 132 (1):654-664. https://10.1111/jam.15224.
  54. Alabi, M. E. & Essack, S. Y.  (2022).  Antibiotic prescribing amongst South African general practitioners in private practice: an analysis of a health insurance database  Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: Antimicrobial Resistance; 4 (5) 5 Oct 2022 dlac101, https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlac101
  55. Daniels, B., Kuhn, L., Spooner, E., Mulol, H., Goga, A., Feucht, U., Essack, S.Y. & Coutsoudis, A.  (2022).  Cotrimoxazole guidelines for infants who are HIV-exposed-uninfected: A call for a public health and ethics approach to the evidence. Lancet Global Heath 2022; 10: e1198–203 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00120-6
  56. Mbanga, J., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K. Fatoba, D. & Essack, S.Y.  (2022).   Whole-genome sequencing reveals insights into antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella grimontii novel sequence type ST350 isolated from a wastewater source in South Africa.  Journal of Biotechnology Research 13:40-45 http://www.btsjournals.com/assets/2022v13p40-45.pdf
  57. Choonara, F.E., Haldorsen, B.C., Jessin, J., Mbanga, J., Ndhlovu, I., Saulosi, O., Maida, T., Lampiao, F., Simonsen, G.S., Essack, S.Y. & Sundsfjord, A.  (2022).  Molecular epidemiological characterisation of ESBL- and plasmid mediated AmpC-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae at Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases 7; 245 https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7090245
  58. Choonara, F.E., Haldorsen, B.C., Ndhlovu, I., Saulosi, O., Maida, T., Lampiao, F., Simonsen, G.S., Essack, S.Y. & Sundsfjord, A.  (2022).  Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinically important bacterial pathogens
  59. at the Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi.  Malawi Medical Journal 34 (1): 9-16. https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v34i1.3   
  60. Ramtahal, M., Amoako, D.G., Ismail, A., Bester, L., Abia, A.L.K.& Essack, S.Y.  (2022). Salmonella Yoruba: A rare serotype revealed through genomic sequencing along the farm-to-fork continuum of an intensive poultry farm in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  Acta Tropica 234: 106620 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106620.
  61. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Allam, M., Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2022).  Genome Analysis of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs. Pathogens  11:776. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070776 
  62. Chetty, S., Reddy, M., Ramsamy,Y., Dlamini, V.C., Reddy-Naidoo, R & Essack, S.Y. (2022).  Antimicrobial Stewardship in Public Sector Hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Antibiotics antibiotics 11(7):881. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070881
  63. Ramtahal, M., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K., Somoboro, A.M., Bester, L. & Essack, S.Y.  (2022). A Public Health Insight into Salmonella in Poultry in Africa: A Review of the Past Decade: 2010–2020.  Microbial Drug Resistance 28:6, 710-733 https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2021.0384
  64. Mametja, S., Dessie, Z.G., Matoti, L.,  Semenya, M., Moloabi, S & Essack, S.Y.  (2022) Clinical Management of COVID-19 in Hospitals and the Community: A Snapshot from a Medical Insurance Database in South Africa, International Journal of Infectious Diseases 120: 170-173  doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.032
  65. Maruve, S.A & Essack, S.Y.  (2022) KAP of veterinarians on antibiotic use and resistance and its containment in South Africa.  Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 93 (1): 10-16 https://doi.org/10.36303/JSAVA.2022.93.1.164
  66. Fatoba, D.O., Abia, A.L.K., Amoako, D.G. & Essack, S .Y. (2022). Genomic Analysis Of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococcus spp. Revealed Novel Enterococci Strains and the Spread of Plasmid-Borne Tet(M), Tet(L) and Erm(B) Genes From Chicken Litter to Litter-Amended Agricultural Soil in South Africa.  Journal of Environmental Management 2022 Jan 15;302(Pt B):114101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114101.
  67. Berman, D., Chandy, S.J., Cansdell, O.,  Moodley, K., Veeraraghavan, B & Essack, S.Y.  (2022) Global Access to Existing and Future Antimicrobials and Diagnostics: Antimicrobial Subscription and Pooled Procurement (ASPP).  Lancet Global Health Lancet Global Health 10 (2): e293–97 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00463-0    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xrvCnlIKPc
  68. Abdalla, S.E., Abia, A.L.K., Amoako, D.G., Perrett, K., Bester, L.A. & Essack, S.Y. (2022).  Food animals as reservoirs and potential sources of multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes: Focus on intensive pig farming in South Africa.  Onderstepoort  Journal of Veterinary Research  89(1), a1963. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1963
  69. Yaseen, M., Thaqafi, A., Farahat, F., Alsaedi, A., Mowallad, A., Klein, E., Tseng, K. & Essack, S.Y. (2022).  Assessing the Effectiveness of Antibiotic Therapy Against Common Gram Negative Bacteria in a Saudi Arabian Hospital Using the Drug Resistance Index. Cureus 14 (2): e22168. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.  
  70. Ramtahal, M., Somoboro, A.M., Amoako, G.G., Abia, A.L.K., Perrett, K., Bester, L. & Essack, S.Y.  (2022).  Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enterica in poultry from South Africa, using the farm to fork approach International Journal of Microbiology 2022: 5121273 https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5121273
  71. Fatoba, D.O., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K. & Essack, S.Y. (2022). Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli from Chicken Litter to Agricultural Soil.  Frontiers in Environmental Science 9: 640 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.751732
  72. Essack, S.Y.  (2022)  BSAC Vanguard Series: From treatment options to precision medicine: the future of ‘omics-based’ antibiotic resistance surveillance data  Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 77 (1): 5-https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab417
  73. Janice J., Agyepong N., Owusu-Ofori A., Govinden U., Essack S.Y., Samuelsen Ø., Sundsfjord A. & Pedersen T. (2021). Carbapenem Resistance Determinants Acquired through Novel Chromosomal Integrations in Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 17;65(7):e0028921. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00289-2Jesson1.
  74. Rout, J., Essack, S.Y. & Bryciewicz, P. (2021). Guideline Recommendations for Antimicrobial Stewardship Education for Clinical Nursing Practice in Hospitals: A Scoping Review.  Southern African Journal of Critical Care 37(3):104. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJCC.2021.v37i3.482   
  75. Mbanga, J., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K. Fatoba, D. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021).  Genomic analysis of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacter spp. from wastewater sources in South Africa: The first report of the mobilisable colistin resistance mcr-10 gene in Africa.  Ecological Genetics and Genomics 21: 100104 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2021.100104
  76. Ramsamy, Y., Mlisana, K.P., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K., Ismail, A., Allam, M., Mbanga, J., Singh, R. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021).  Mobile genetic elements-mediated Enterobacterales-associated carbapenemase antibiotic resistance genes propagation between the environment and humans: A One Health South African study.  Science of the Total Environment https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150641
  77. Rout, J., Essack, S.Y. & Bryciewicz, P. (2021). Guidelines for the hospital role of the clinical nurse in antimicrobial stewardship: A scoping review.  Southern African Journal of Critical Care 37 (2): 70-76.
  78. Essack S.Y.  (2021)  National Action Plans on Antimicrobial Resistance – the Missing Link of WASH at Community Level.  Bulletin of the World Health Organization 99(8): 606–608  https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.284232
  79. Asante, J., Hetsa, B., Amoako, D.G., Abia-Akebe, L.K., Bester, L.A.  & Essack, S.Y. (2021).  Genomic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates from Clinical Sources in the KwaZulu-Natal Province,  South Africa.  Frontiers in Microbiology 12:656306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.656306 
  80. Gumede, S.N., Abia, A.L.K., Amoako, D.G. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021).  Analysis of wastewater reveals the spread of diverse extended-spectrum β-Lactamase-producing E. coli strains in uMgungundlovu District, South Africa.  Antibiotics 10; 860 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070860 
  81. Madni, O., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K., Rout, J. & Essack S.Y.  Genomic investigation of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales Colonization in an Intensive Care Unit in South Africa.  Genes 12 (7): 951 https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12070951
  82. Mbanga, J., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K., Allam, M, Ismail, A and Essack, S.Y.  (2021).  Genomic Insights of
  83. Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli From Wastewater Sources and Their Association With Clinical Pathogens in
  84. South Africa. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8:636715. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.636715
  85. Mbanga, J., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K. Allam, M., Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021).  Genomic analysis of enterococcus spp. isolated from a wastewater treatment plant and its associated waters in Umgungundlovu District, South Africa.   Frontiers in Microbiology 12: 1536  https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.648454
  86. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021).  Antimicrobial resistance in the farm-to-plate continuum: more than a food safety issue.  Future Science OA 7 (5) FSO692 https://doi.org/10.2144/fsoa-2020-0189
  87. Jesson, J., Agyepong, N., Owusu-Ofori, A., Govinden, U., Essack, S.Y., Samuelsen, O., Sunsdfjord, A. & Pedersen, T.  (2021).  Carbapenem-resistance determinants acquired through novel chromosomal integrations in 2 XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 3 May https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00289-21   
  88. Eriksen, J., Björkman, I., Röing, M., Essack, S.Y. & Stålsby Lundborg, C.  (2021)  Exploring the One health perspective in Sweden’s policies to contain antibiotic resistance.  Antibiotics 10, 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050526   
  89. Fatoba, D.O., Abia, A.L.K., Amoako, D.G. & Essack, S.Y. Rethinking manure application: increase in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. in agricultural soil following chicken litter application.  Microorganisms 9 (5): 885 10.3390/microorganisms9050885
  90. Sithole, V., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K., Perrett, K., Bester, L.A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021).  Occurrence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Characterisation of Campylobacter Spp. in Intensive Pig Production in South Africa.  Pathogens 10(4), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040439
  91. Badul, S., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K., Perrett, K., Bester, L.A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021).  From the farms to the dining table: the distribution and molecular characteristics of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus spp. in intensive pig farming in South Africa.  Microorganisms  9(5), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050882
  92. Phiri, A.F.N.D., Abia, A.L.K., Amoako, D.G., Mkakosya, R., Sundsfjord, A., Essack, S.Y. and Simonsen, G.S.  (2021).  Burden, antibiotic resistance, and clonality of Shigella spp. implicated in community-acquired acute diarrhoea in Lilongwe, Malawi .  Tropical Medicine , 6, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020063 
  93. Balliram, R., Sibanda, W. and Essack, S.Y.  (2021).The Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Doctors, Pharmacists and Nurses on Antimicrobials, Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship in South Africa.  Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 36 (1): a262 https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v36i1.262 
  94. Rodríguez-Baño, J., Rossolini, G.M., Schultsz, C., Tacconelli, E., Murthy, S., Ohmagari, N., Holmes, A., Bachmann, T., Goossens, H., Canton, R., Roberts, A.P., Henriques-Normark, B., Clancy, C.J., Huttner, B., Fagerstedt, P., Lahiri, S., Kaushic, C., Hoffman, S.J., Warren, M., Zoubiane, G., Essack, S.Y., Laxminarayan, R. & Plant, L.  (2021).  Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance.   Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 0: 1–8 https://doi.org.10.1093/trstmh/trab048 
  95. Rodríguez-Baño, J., Rossolini, G.M., Schultsz, C., Tacconelli, E., Murthy, S., Ohmagari, N., Holmes, A., Bachmann, T., Goossens, H., Canton, R., Roberts, A.P., Henriques-Normark, B., Clancy, C.J., Huttner, B., Fagerstedt, P., Lahiri, S., Kaushic, C., Hoffman, S.J., Warren, M., Zoubiane, G., Essack, S.Y., Laxminarayan, R. & Plant, L.  (2021).  AMR research in a post-pandemic world: Insights on antimicrobial resistance research in the COVID-19 pandemic.  Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2021.02.013.
  96. Sineke, N., Asante, J., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K., Perrett, K., Bester, L.A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021).  Staphylococcus aureus in intensive pig production in South Africa: antibiotic resistance, virulence determinants, and clonality.  Pathogens 10, 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030317
  97. Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021).  Enterococcus Faecalis ST21 harbouring Tn 6009 Isolated from Carriage Sample in South Africa South African Medical Journal 111 (2), 98-99. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2021.v111i2.15454
  98. Asante, J., Hetsa, B., Amoako, D.G., Abia-Akebe, L.K., Bester, L.A.  & Essack, S.Y. (2021).  Multidrug-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci isolated from bloodstream in the uMgungundlovu District of KwaZu-lu-Natal Province in South Africa: Emerging Pathogens.  Antibiotics 10, 198 . https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020198
  99. Abdalla, S.E., Abia, A.L.K., Amoako, D.G., Perrett, K., Bester, L.A. & Essack, S.Y. (2021).  From farm-to-fork: E. coli from an intensive pig production system in South Africa shows high resistance to critically important antibiotics for human and animal use.  Antibiotics 10, 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020178
  100. King, T.L., Schmidt, S. Thakur, S., Fedorka-Cray, P., Keelara, S., Harden, L. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021) Resistome of a carbapenemase-producing novel ST232 Klebsiella michiganensis isolate from urban hospital effluent in South Africa, Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 24, 321-324.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2021.01.004
  101. Estaleva, C.E.L., Zimba, T.F., Osei Sekyere, J., Govinden, U., Chenia, H.Y., Simonsen, G.S., Haldorsen, B., Essack, S.Y. & Sundsfjord, A.  (2021).  High prevalence of multidrug resistant ESBL- and plasmid mediated AmpC-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique BMC Infectious Diseases 21, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05696-y  
  102. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2021) Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) ST221 Isolated in the Microbiome of Swine in South Africa. South African Medical Journal 111 (1) 5-6. 10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v111i1.15453
  103. Abdalla, S., Abia, A., Amoako, D. & Essack, S. (2020). Assessment of the risk associated with exposure to diarrheagenic E. coli in intensive pig production workers in South Africa.  International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 101 (S1), 153-154 (published conference abstract)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.417
  104. Mbanga, J., Abia, A.L.K.; Amoako, D.G & Essack, S.Y.  (2020).  Quantitative microbial risk assessment for waterborne pathogens in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving surface water body.  BMC Microbiology 20, 346 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02036-7  
  105. McIver, K.S., Amoako, D.G., Abia, A.L.K., Bester, L.A., Chenia, H.Y. & Essack, S.Y.  (2020).  Molecular epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from farm-to-fork in intensive poultry production in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  Antibiotics  2020, 9(12), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9120850
  106. Morel, C., Alm, R., Ardal, C., Bandera, A., Bruno, G., Carrara, E., Colombo, G., de Kraker, M., Essack, S., Frost, I.,  Gonzalez-Zorn, H.B., Guardabassi, L., Harbarth, S., Jørgensen, P.S., Kanj, S., Kostyanev, T., Laxminarayan, R.,  Leonard, F., Levy Hara, G., Mendelson, M., Mikulska, M., Mutter, N.T., Outterson, K., Rodriguez Baňo, J., Tacconelli, E & Scudeller, L. (2020) A One Health framework to estimate the cost of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 9, 187 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-00822-6 .
  107. Ramsamy, Y., Mlisana, K., Allam, M., Amoako, D., Akebe, L.K.A., Ismail, A., Singh, R., & Essack, S.Y. (2020). Comparative pathogenomic of Aeromonas veronii from pigs in South Africa: Dominance of the novel ST657 clone.  Microorganisms 8 (12), 2008; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8122008
  108. Kubone, P.Z., Mlisana, K.P., Govinden, U., Abia, A.L.K., Essack, S.Y.  Antibiotic Susceptibility and Molecular Characterization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli associated with Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Urban and Rural Settings in South Africa. Tropical Medicine 5(4), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5040176
  109. Orton, P., Nokes, K., Essack, S.Y. & Bryciewicz, P. (2020) Creating an instrument to measure perceptions about access to fealth-related higher education programmes in South Africa. South African Journal of Higher Education 34 (6): 185-200. https://doi.org/10.20853/34-6-3446
  110. Essack, S., Bell, J., Burgoyne, D., Tongrod, W., Duerden,M., Sessa, A., Altiner, A. & Shephard, A.  (2020). Point-of-care testing for pharyngitis in the pharmacy.  Antibiotics 9 (11), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110743
  111. Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2020) Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus ST25 Isolated from Carriage Samples in uMgungundlovu district, South Africa.  South African Medical Journal 110 (10); 959-60. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i10.15182
  112. Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y. (2020). First Report of a Clinical Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST532 Isolate Harbouring Ciprofloxacin-Modifying Enzyme (CrpP) in South Africa. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance  Sep, 22, 145-146 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2020.05.012 
  113. Shobo C., Alisoltani, A., Abia, A.L.K., Mtshali, P.S., Ismail, A., Zishiri, O.T., Horn. J.D., Brysiewicz, P., Essack, S.Y. & Bester L. (2020). Bacterial diversity and functional profile of microbial populations on surfaces in public hospital environments in South Africa: a high throughput metagenomic analysis. Science of the Total Environment 719: 1 Jun, 137360 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137360
  114. Maillard, J-Y., Bloomfield, S.F., Courvalin, P., Essack, S.Y., Gandra, S., Gerba, C.P., Rubino, J.R. & Scott, E.A. (2020) Reducing antibiotic prescribing and addressing the global problem of antibiotic resistance by targeted hygiene in the home and everyday life settings: A Position Paper .American Journal of Infection Control 48: 1090-99 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.04.011   
  115. Asante, J., Amoako, D.G., Abia-Akebe, L.K., Somboro, AM., Govinden, U., Bester, L. & Essack, S.Y. (2020).  Review of Clinically and Epidemiologically Relevant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Africa. Microbial Drug Resistance 26(8):951-970. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2019.0381 .
  116. Rout, J., Essack, S.Y. & Bryciewicz, P. (2020). Residual fluid after IV infusion drug administration: risk of suboptimal dosing. British Journal of Nursing 29 (2): S6-S8 https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.2.S6 
  117. Ramsamy, Y., Mlisana, K., Allam, M., Amoako, D., Akebe, L.K.A., Ismail, A., Singh, R.,Kisten, T., Swe Han, K., Muckart, D.J.J., Hardcastle, T., Suleman, M. & Essack, S.Y. (2020). Genomic analysis of Carbapenemase-producing Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates reveals the horizontal spread of p18-43_01 plasmid encoding blaNDM-1 in South Africa. Microorganisms Jan; 8(1): 137. Jan 17 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010137  
  118. Khumalo, G., Desai, R., Xaba, X., Moshabela, M., Essack, S.Y. & Lutge, E. (2020). Prioritising health research in KwaZulu-Natal: has the research conducted met the research needs?. Health Research Policy and Systems 18, 32 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-020-0538-7
  119. Ramsamy, Y., Mlisana, K., Amoako, D., Allam, M., Ismail, A., Singh, R., Abia A.L.K. & Essack, S.Y. (2020).  Pathogenomic Analysis of a Novel Extensively Drug-Resistant Citrobacter freundii Isolate (H2730R) Carrying a blaNDM-1 Carbapenemase in South Africa. Pathogens 9, 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9020089 
  120. Pillay, S., Amoako, D.G., Abia-Akebe, L.K., Somboro, AM., Shobo, C. 0., Perrett, K., Bester, L.A., & Essack, S.Y. (2020). Characterisation of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  Antibiotics 9, 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020042
  121. Faife, S.L., Sekyere, J.O., Govinden, U., Zimba, T., Chenia, H.Y., Sundsfjord, A., and Essack, S.Y. (2020). β-Lactam and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from Imported and Locally-Produced Chicken in Mozambique.  Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14 (5): 471-478. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10924
  122. King, T., Essack, S.Y. & Schmidt S. (2019) Antibiotic resistant Klebsiella spp. from hospital, hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plants in the uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Science of the Total Environment 712, 135550 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135550
  123. Mbelle, N.M., Feldman, C., Sekyere, J.O. J., Maningi, N.E., Modipane, L. & Essack, S.Y.  (2020). Pathogenomics and Evolutionary Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Pretoria, South Africa. Scientific Reports 10: 1232  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58012-8
  124. Chetty, S., Reddy, M., Ramsamy,Y., Naidoo, A., Essack, S.Y. (2019), AMS in South Africa -A Scoping Review of the Published Literature. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy-Antimicrobial, Resistance 1 (3): Dec dlz060, https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlz060
  125. Mbelle, N., Feldman, C., Osei, J., Maningi, N.E., Modipane, L. & Essack, S.Y.  (2019).  The Resistome, Mobilome, Virulome and Phylogenomics of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Pretoria, South Africa   Scientific Reports 9, 16457 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52859-2 
  126. Mbelle, N., Osei, J., Feldman, C., Maningi, N.E., Modipane, L. & Essack, S.Y.  (2019).  Genomic Analysis of Two Drug-Resistant Clinical Morganella morganii Strains Isolated from UTI Patients in Pretoria, South Africa.  Letters in Applied Microbiology Oct 20. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13237.
  127. Mbelle, N., Osei, J., Amoako, D.G., Maningi, N.E., Modipane, L., Essack, S.Y & Feldman, C.  (2019).  Genomic analysis of a multidrug‐resistant clinical Providencia rettgeri (PR002) strain with the novel integron ln1483 and an A/C plasmid replicon.  Annals of the New York Academy of Science Sept 23 http://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14237   
  128. Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2020) Draft Genome Sequence of a Clinical Acinetobacter haemolyticus A109R1B4 Isolated from South Africa.  Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 20: 16-17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2019.10.015
  129. Amoako, D.G., Somboro, A.M., Abia-Akebe, L-K., Allam, M., Ismail, A., Bester, L.A. & Essack, S.Y. (2019).  Genome mining and comparative pathogenomic analysis of an endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone, ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd(2B), isolated in South Africa.  Pathogens 8(4). pii: E166. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040166  
  130. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2019).  Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Abattoir Worker in Cameroon.  South African Medical Journal 109(11):820-821. 10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v109i11.14378  
  131. Amoako, D.G., Somboro, A.M., Abia-Akebe, Perrett, K., Molechan, C., Bester, L.A. & Essack, S.Y. (2019). Antibiotic  Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus From Poultry And Poultry Products In Umgungundlovu District, South Africa Using The ‘Farm To Fork’ Approach.  Microbial Drug Resistance Oct 24. http://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2019.0201 
  132. Rout, J., Essack, S.Y. & Bryciewicz, P. (2019).  Are Nursing Infusion Practices Delivering Full Dose Antimicrobial Treatment? Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74 (12): 3418-3422 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz365.
  133. Molechan, C., Amoako, D.G., Somboro, A.M., Abia-Akebe, L-K., Bester, L.A. & Essack, S.Y. (2019).  Molecular epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus spp.  from the farm-to-fork continuum in intensive poultry production in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  Science of the Total Environment 692: 868-878 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.324
  134. Agyepong, N., Amoako, D., Govinden, U., Owusu-Ofori, A., Allam, M., Ismail, A., Pedersen, T., Sunsdfjord, A. & Essack, S.Y. (2019) Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Ghana.  Microbiology Resource Announcements Aug 1;8(31). pii: e00270-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00270-19
  135. Shobo C., Amoako, D., Allam, M., Ismail, A., Essack, S.Y. & Bester L.  (2019). Genome Sequence of Novel Sequence Type 922, a Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Strain isolated from the Door Handle in an Intensive Care Unit of a District hospital in Durban, South Africa. Microbiology Resource Announcement 8:e00582-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00582-19
  136. Amoako, D.G., Somboro, A.M., Abia-Akebe, L-K., Allam, M., Ismail, A., Bester, L.A. & Essack, S.Y. (2019). Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequence of a Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain SA9, Isolated from a Slaughterhouse Chicken Carcass in South Africa.  Microbiology Resource Announcement Jun 13;8(24). pii: e00489-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00489-19
  137. Agyepong, N., Amoako, D., Govinden, U., Owusu-Ofori, A., Allam, M., Jessin, J.P., Pedersen, T., Sunsdfjord, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2019). Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a Ghanaian teaching hospital.  International Journal of Infectious Diseases 85: 117-123.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.05.025
  138. Asante, J., Govinden, U., Owusu-Ofori, A., Bester, L. & Essack, S.Y.  (2019).  Molecular characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a hospital in Ghana.   African Journal of Clinical and Experimental  Microbiology. 20 (3): 164-174 10.4314/ajcem.v20i3.1
  139. Ntshobeni, N., Allam, M., Ismail, A., Amoako, D., Essack, S.Y. & Chenia, H.  (2019).  Draft genome sequence of Providencia rettgeri APW139_S1, an NDM-18-producing clinical strain originating from hospital effluent in South Africa.  Microbiology Resources Announcements 8:e00259-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00259-19
  140. Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2019). Whole Genome Sequencing of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Scientific Reports 9, 6266 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42672-2   
  141. Essack, S.Y., Bell, J., Burgoyne, D., Deurden, M. & Shephard, A. (2019). Topical (Local) Antibiotics for Respiratory Infections with Sore Throat: An Antibiotic Stewardship Perspective.  Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Practice 44(6):829-837 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.13012
  142. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2019) Genome Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Pigs: Emergence of the Clonal Lineage ST398 in Cameroon and South Africa.  Zoonosis & Public Health 66: 512-525 https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12586
  143. Amoako, D.G., Somboro, A.M., Abia-Akebe, L-K., Allam, M., Ismail, A., Bester, L.A. & Essack, S.Y. (2019). Genomic Analysis of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Poultry and Occupational Farm Workers in uMgungundlovu District, South Africa. Science of the Total Environment 670: 704-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.110 
  144. Amoako, G.G., Osei Sekyere, J., Moodley, K., Bester, L., Somboro, A. & Essack, S.Y. (2019)  Tet (M) mediates tetracycline resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates from the Private Hospital Sector in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa.  Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13(1), March 2019 https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.13.1
  145. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Ntshobeni, N., Govinden, U., Bester, L., Chenia, H., Djoko, C. & Essack, S.Y.  (2019). Emergence and Spread of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase -Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) in Pigs and Exposed Workers: A Multicenter Comparative Study Between Cameroon and South Africa. Pathogens 8 (10) https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010010 
  146. Somboro, A., Sekyere, J.O., Amoako, D., Kumalo, H., Khan, R., Bester, L. & Essack, S.Y. (2019) In Vitro Potentiation of Carbapenems with Tannic Acid Against Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Exploring Natural Products as Potential Carbapenemase Inhibitors. Journal of Applied Microbiology 126 (2): 452-467. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14141
  147. Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2019) Genomic Characterization Klebsiella michiganensis Co-producing OXA-181 And NDM-1 Carbapenemases Isolated from a Cancer Patient in uMgungundlovu District, South Africa.  South African Medical Journal 109 (1):7-8. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v109i1.13696 
  148. Somboro, A., Amoako, G.G., Sekyere, J.O., Kumalo, J.M., Khan, R., Bester, L.A. & Essack S.Y.  (2019). TACN (1, 4, 7-Triazacyclononane) restores the activity of β-lactam antibiotics against Metallo-b-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae: The exploration of potential Metallo-beta-Lactamase inhibitors.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology; 85 (3) e02077-18 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02077-18 
  149. Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2018). Genomic Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus ST121 Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in South Africa.  South African Medical Journal 108 (12): 1007-8. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i12.13713 
  150. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y. (2018). Draft Genome Sequences of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing -Enterobacter aerogenes Isolates from Swine and Humans.  Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 14: 70-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2018.06.006
  151. Somboro, A., Sekyere, J.O., Amoako, D., Essack, S.Y. & Bester, L. (2018).  Diversity and proliferation of metallo-β-lactamases: a clarion call for clinically effective metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors” Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84 (18): e00698-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00698-18 
  152. Agoba, E.E., Govinden, U., Peer, A.K., Osei Sekyere, J. & Essack, S.Y.  (2018)  ISAba1 regulated OXA-23 and ADC-mediated carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii from the private sector in Durban, South Africa. Microbial Drug Resistance 24 (9):1289-1295. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2017.0172.
  153. Ramsamy, Y., Patel, M., Sartorius, B., Essack, S.Y. & Mlisana K. (2018) Antibiotic resistance trends of ESKAPE pathogens in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: a 5-year retrospective analysis.  African Journal of Laboratory Medicine 7 (2): a887. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v7i2.887
  154. Ramsamy, Y., Mlisana, K., Allam, M., Ismail, A., Singh, R., Amoako, D. & Essack, S.Y. (2018) Whole-genome Sequence of Novel Sequence Type 3136 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KZ00361153) Isolated from a Hospitalized Patient in Durban, South Africa  Microbiology Resource Announcements 7 (23): e01300-18 https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01300-18
  155. Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L. & Essack, S.Y. (2018) Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Mediated Resistance in Carriage and Clinical Gram-Negative ESKAPE Bacteria: A Comparison Between a District and Tertiary Hospital in South Africa.  Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control 7: 134.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0423-0
  156. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y. (2018) Draft Genome Sequence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolate from Swine. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 15: 250-1.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2018.10.016
  157. Mahaluça, F.A., Essack S., & Sacarlal J (2018) Antibacterial Resistance Patterns of WHO List of Essential Antibiotics Adopted by Mozambique. Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 4: 183. https://doi.org/10.4172/2472-1212.1000183  
  158. Mahaluça F.A., Sacarlal J. & Essack S (2018) The Etiology of Hospital Infections in the Intensive Care Unit of a Reference Hospital in Southern Mozambique. Clinical Microbiology 7: 319. https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000319 
  159. Essack, S.Y.  (2018). Global Antibiotic Resistance: Of Contagion, Confounders and the COM-B Model.  Lancet Planetary Health 2 (9) e376-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30187-6
  160. Mbelle, N., Feldman, C., Osei, J., Modipane, L., Maningi, N.E., & Essack, S.Y.  (2018) Resistance mutations and sequence types associated with extended spectrum beta lactamase, quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from South Africa.  International Journal of Infectious Diseases 73:105-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3659
  161. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2018) Draft Genome Sequence of an Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (CTX-M-15) producing Escherichia coli ST10 Isolated from a Nasal Sample of an Abattoir Worker in Cameroon. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 14: 68-69.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2018.06.004
  162. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y. (2018) Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Harbouring mcr-1 Gene Isolated from Pigs in South Africa.  South African Medical Journal 108 (10): 796-7. 10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i10.13508
  163. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Essack, S.Y. and Djoko, C. (2018).  Mannitol-Fermenting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci (MRS) in Pig Abattoirs in Cameroon and South Africa: A Serious Food Safety Threat.  International Journal of Food Microbiology 285: 50-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.07.006
  164. Founou, L.L., Amoako, D.G., Founou, R.C. and Essack, S.Y.  (2018) Antibiotic resistance in food animals in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbial Drug Resistance 24 (5): 648-665. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2017.0383 
  165. Chirindze, L.M., Zimba, T.F., Sekyere, J.O., Govinden, U., Chenia, H.Y., Sundsfjord, A., Essack, S.Y., Simonsen, G.S. (2018)  Faecal Colonization of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC in Mozambican University Students BMC Infectious Diseases 18: 244 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3154-1
  166. Essack, S.Y.  (2018). Environment: the neglected component of the One Health triad.  Lancet Planetary Health 6(2) e238-e239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30124-4
  167. Pedersen, T., Sekyere, J.O., Govinden, U., Moodley, K., Sivertsen, A., Samuelsen, O., Essack, S. & Sundsfjord, A.  (2018).  Spread of Plasmid-Encoded NDM-1 and GES-5 Carbapenemases among Extensively Drug-Resistant and Pan-drug-Resistant Clinical Enterobacteriaceae in Durban, South Africa.  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 62(5). pii: e02178-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02178-17
  168. Agyepong, N., Govinden, U., Owusu-Ofori, A. & Essack, S.Y. (2018).  Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram negative bacterial pathogens from a teaching hospital in Ghana.  Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 7: 37 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0324-2
  169. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C., Allam, M. Ismail, A. & Essack, S.Y.  (2018) Genome Sequencing of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Pigs and Abattoir Workers in Cameroon.  Frontiers in Microbiology 9; 188 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00188   
  170. Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L. & Essack, S.Y.  (2017) Clinical and economic impact of antibiotic resistance in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.  PLoS ONE 12(12): e0189621. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189621
  171. Essack, S.Y., Bell, J. & Shephard, A (2017).  Community pharmacists – leaders for antibiotic stewardship in respiratory tract infections amongst prescribers and patients.  Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Practice https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12650
  172. Naidoo, A., Naidoo, K., McIlleron, H., Essack, S.Y. & Padayatchi, N. (2017). A review of moxifloxacin for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis.  The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 57 (11): 1369-1386. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.968  
  173. Naidoo, A., Chirehwa, M., McIlleron, H., Naidoo, K., Essack, S.Y., Yende-Zuma, N., a; Kimba, P. E. Adamson, J., Govender, K., Padayatchi, N. & Denti, P. (2017) Effect of rifampicin and efavirenz on moxifloxacin concentrations when co-administered in patients with drug susceptible tuberculosis.  Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 72 (5): 1441-1449. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx004
  174. Adjei, C. B., Govinden, U., Moodley K. and Essack, S.Y.  (2017) Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant P. aeruginosa from a Private Hospital in Durban, South Africa.  Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 4(1): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v33i2.19 
  175. Schellack, N., Benjamin, D., Brink, A., Duse, A., Faure, K., Goff, D., Mendelson, M., Meyer, J., Miot, J., Perovic, O., Pople, T., Suleman, F., van Vuuren, M. & Essack, S.Y. (2017) A situational analysis of current antimicrobial governance, regulation and utilisation in South Africa.  International Journal of Infectious Diseases 64: 100-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2017.09.002
  176. Abotsi, R.E., Govinden, U. & Essack, S.Y. (2017). Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Haemophilus parainfluenzae.  Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 32 (3): 111-114. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v32i3.49 
  177. Abotsi, R.E., Govinden, U., Moodley, K. & Essack, S.Y.  (2017) Fluoroquinolone, Macrolide and Ketolide Resistance in Haemophilus parainfluenzae from South Africa.  Microbial Drug Resistance 2 96): 667-673. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2016.0045
  178. Abotsi, R.E., Govinden, U., Moodley, K. & Essack, S.Y. (2017).  Emerging Fluoroquinolone and Ketolide Resistance in Haemophilus parainfluenzae in South Africa. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 11(4): 364-7. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.8241
  179. Founou, L.L., Founou, R.C. and Essack, S.Y.  (2016). Antibiotic Resistance in the Food Chain: A Developing Country Perspective. Frontiers in Microbiology (published online 23 Nov 2016 doi https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01881
  180. Osei Sekyere, J., Govinden, U. & Essack.  (2016). Comparison of Existing Phenotypic and Genotypic Tests for the Detection of NDM and GES Carbapenemase- Producing Enterobacteriaceae.  Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 10 (4): 2585-2591 http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.10.4.14
  181. Shobo, B., Bester, L.,  Baijnath, S., Somboro, A., Peer, A.K. & Essack, S.Y. (2016) Antibiotic resistant profiles of Campylobacter species in the private sector in South-Africa.  Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10 (11): 1214-1221.  https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.8165 
  182. Osei Sekyere, J., Govinden, U., Bester, L. & Essack, S.Y. (2016) Colistin and Tigecycline Resistance In Carbapenemase-Producing Gram Negative Bacteria: Emerging Resistance Mechanisms And Detection Methods.  Journal of Applied Microbiology 121 (3): 601-17.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13169
  183. Essack, S.Y., Desta, A.T., Abotsi R.E.& Agoba, E.E. (2016) Antimicrobial Resistance in the WHO African Region – Current Status and Roadmap for Action.  Journal of Public Health 39 (1): 8-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdw015
  184. Pareko, D.D., Lubbe, M.S. & Essack, S.Y.  Surveillance of Antibiotic Use in the private sector in Namibia using sales and claims data  Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10 (11): 1243-1249. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7329  
  185. Bester L.A., Phulukdaree A., Khan, N & Essack S.Y.  (2016). Efficacy of Phenotypic, PCR and MALDI-ToF Identification Methods for Campylobacter spp.  Medical Technology SA 30 (1): 31-33. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59124
  186. Najjuka, C.F., Kateete, D.P., Kajumbula, H.M., Joloba, M.L. & Essack, S.Y.  (2016). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Outpatients in Urban and Rural Districts of Uganda.  BMC Research Notes 9:235 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-2049-8.
  187. Azumah, R., Dutta, J., Somboro, A.M., Ramtahal, M., Chonco, L., Parboosing, R., Bester, L.A., Kruger, H.G., Naicker, T., Essack, S.Y. and Govender, T. (2016).  In vitro evaluation of metal chelators as potential metallo- β -lactamase inhibitors. Journal of Applied Microbiology 120: 860–867. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13085   
  188. Osei Sekyere, J., Govinden, U. & Essack, S.Y. (2016).  The Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Environment of Carbapenemases Detected in Africa.  Microbial Drug Resistance 22 (1) 59-68 )  https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2015.0053
  189. Amoako, D.G., Bester, L.A., Somboro, A.M., Baijnath, S., Govind, C.N. & Essack, S.Y. (2016)  Plasmid-mediated resistance and virulence mechanisms in the private health sector in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: An investigation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates collected during a three month period.  International Journal of Infectious Diseases 46: 38-41.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.03.019
  190. Pareko, D.D., Lubbe, M.S. & Essack, S.Y.  (2015)  Public knowledge attitudes and behaviour towards antibiotic usage in Windhoek, Namibia.  Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases. 30 (4): 27-29.   https://doi.org/10.1080/23120053.2015.1107290
  191. Osei Sekyere, J., Govinden, U. & Essack, S.Y. (2015).  Review of Established and Innovative Detection Methods for Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-negative Bacteria.  Journal of Applied Microbiology 119: 1219-1233 https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.12918. 
  192. Altiner, A., Bell. J., Duerden, M., Essack, S.Y., Koslov, R., Oxford, J., Pignatari, A.C., Sessa, A & van der Velden, A.  (2015)  More Action, less resistance: report of the 2014 summit of the Global Respiratory Infection Partnership. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 23: 370-377.  https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12177  
  193. Pareko, D.D., Lubbe, M.S. & Essack, S.Y.  (2015)  Antibiotic Use in Namibia: Prescriber Practices for Common Community Infections.  South African Family Practice 57 (4): 231-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2015.1024021
  194. Somboro, A., Tiwari, D., Bester, L., Parboosing, R., Chonco, L., Kruger, H.G., Arvidsson, P., Govender, T., Naicker, T. & Essack, S. Y. (2015) NOTA: A potent metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor.  Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 70 (5): 1594-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku538
  195. Dutta, J., Ramesh, S., Radebe, S.M., Somboro, A.M., de la Torre, B. G., Kruger, H.G., Essack, S.Y., Albericio, F. & Govender, T.  (2015) Optimized microwave assisted synthesis of LL37, a cathelicidin human antimicrobial peptide. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics 21: 13-20  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-014-9439-3
  196. Mhlongo, N., Govinden, U. and Essack, S.Y. (2015)  NDM-1, novel TEM-205, novel TEM-213 and other ESBLS co-expressed in isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 30 (3): 102-6.   https://doi.org/10.1080/23120053.2015.1074441
  197. Chunnilall, D., Peer, A.K., Naidoo, I. & Essack, S.Y. (2015).  An evaluation of antibiotic prescribing patterns in a private hospital ICU in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  South African Journal of Infectious Diseases 30 (1): 17-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/23120053.2015.1103956
  198. Somboro A.M., Tiwari, D., Shobo, A., Bester, L., Kruger, H.G., Govender, T. & Essack, S.Y.  (2014).   Evaluation of MALDI Biotyping for rapid sub-species identification of carbapenemase-producing bacteria via protein profiling.  Mass Spectrometry Letters 5 (4): 110-14. https://doi.org/10.5478/MSL.2014.5.4.110  
  199. Mhlongo, N., Govinden, U., Egner, J. and Essack, S.Y. (2014) Demographic and microbiological profile of cystic fibrosis in Durban, South Africa.  African Journal of Microbiology Research 8(33): 3118-3122.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.616   
  200. Naidoo, U., Flack, P., Naidoo, I and Essack, S.Y. 2014.  Secondary school factors relating to academic success in first-year Health Science students.  South African Journal of Higher Education 28(4): 1332-1343  https://doi.org/10.20853/28-4-385
  201. Higgins-Opitz, S.B., Tufts, M., Naidoo, I. & Essack, S.Y.  2014 Perspectives of student performance in the Health Sciences: how do physiology and professional modules compare? South African Journal of Higher Education 28 (2): 436-454  https://doi.org/10.20853/28-2-336
  202. Essack, S.Y. & Naidoo, I.  2013.  Teaching and Learning Indicators in University Rankings.  South African Journal of Higher Education 27 (1): 42-47 https://doi.org/10.20853/27-1-232
  203. Essack S. Human Resources for Health – Challenges and Solutions. PHASA newsletter February 2013. http://www.phasa.org.za/human-resources-for-health-challenges-and-solutions/
  204. Essack, S.Y. & Pignatari, A.C. (2013). A framework for the non-antibiotic management of upper respiratory tract infections: towards a global change in antibiotic resistance.  International Journal of Clinical Practice 67 (Suppl 180): 4-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12335
  205. Bell. J., Duerden, M., Altiner, A., Sessa., A & van der Velden, A in collaboration with the GRIP – Professor Attila Altiner (Germany), Mr John Bell (Australia), Dr Martin Duerden (UK), Professor Sabiha Essack (South Africa), Professor Roman Kozlov (Russia), Professor John Oxford (UK), Professor Antonio Carlos Pignatari (Brazil), Dr Aurelio Sessa (Italy), Dr Alike van der Velden (Netherlands). (2013). Sore throat management: effective healthcare provider-patient communication meets appropriate diagnosis, self-management and improved antibiotic use.  International Journal of Clinical Practice 67 (Suppl 180): 10-16. 10.1111/ijcp.12336
  206. Oxford, J & Kozlov, R in collaboration with the GRIP: Professor Attila Altiner (Germany), Mr John Bell (Australia), Dr Martin Duerden (UK), Professor Sabiha Essack (South Africa), Professor Roman Kozlov (Russia), Professor John Oxford (UK), Professor Antonio Carlos Pignatari (Brazil), Dr Aurelio Sessa (Italy), Dr Alike van der Velden (Netherlands) (2013).  Antibiotic resistance, a call to arms for primary healthcare providers. International Journal of Clinical Practice 67 (Suppl 180): 1-3.  https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12334
  207. van der Velden, A., Duerden, M., Bell, J., Oxford, J., Altiner, A., Kozlov, R., Sessa, A., Pignatari, A. & Essack, S. (2013) Prescriber and patient responsibilities in treatment of acute respiratory tract infections – essential for ’conservation of antibiotics.  Antibiotics 2: 316-327 10.3390/antibiotics2020316
  208. Essack, S.Y.  2012.  Translating Equitable Access into Retention and Success in African Higher Education: The Role and Responsibility of Individual Institutions.  Journal of Higher Education in Africa 10 (2): 47-62[1] https://codesria.org/IMG/pdf/3-_Essack.pdf
  209. Essack, S.Y., Naidoo, I., Oosthuizen, F., Bodenstein, J., Brysiewicz, P. and Suleman, F.  2012.  Quality Teaching and Learning in the Health Sciences.  South African Journal of Higher Education 26 (5): 960-972 https://doi.org/10.20853/26-5-203
  210. Essack, S.Y.  2012.  Models for Increasing the Health Workforce.  South African Medical Journal 102 (11): 830-2. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.5779
  211. Essack, S.Y., Wedekind, V. and Naidoo, I.  2012.  Selection Tools Predictive of Success in the Health Sciences – NATED vs. NSC Students.  South African Journal of Higher Education 26 (3): 472-486.  https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/EJC136744 
  212. Bester, L. and Essack, S.Y. 2012.  Observational study of the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. from different poultry production systems in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  Journal of Food Protection 1: 154-159 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-237
  213. Arbee, R., Mahes, N., Mankahla, U., Naroth, A., Suleman, F. and Essack, S.Y. 2012.  Status of Infection Control in Public Hospitals in Kwa-Zulu Natal.  South African Pharmaceutical Journal 79 (3) 32-35 http://www.sapj.co.za/index.php/SAPJ/article/view/1278
  214. Essack, S.Y. and Connolly, C.  2011.  Treatment Guidelines and Nosocomial Infections – The South African Experience.  African Journal of Microbiology Research 5 (20): 3122-3125.  https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR10.346
  215. Levy-Hara, G., Amabile-Cuevas, C., Gould, I., Hutchinson, J., Abbo, L., Saxynger, L., Vliege, E., Lopes Cardoso, F.L., Methar, S., Kanj, S., Ohmagari, N., Harbath, S., Aiken, A., Alnimr, A., Bavestrello, L., Carlet, J., Dreser, A., Essack, S., Hsueh, P-R., Ismail, N., Kaddu-Mulindwa, D., Kolmos, J.H., Mochizuki, T., Ndwega, L., Odio, C., Peredo, M.A., Vega, S., Viswanathan., R. and Wertheim, H. 2011. “Ten Commandments” for the appropriate use of antibiotics by the practicing physician in an outpatient setting.  Frontiers in Microbiology 2: 1-7 https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00230
  216. Essack, S.Y., Schellack, N., Pople, T., van der Merwe, L., Suleman, F., Meyer, J.C., Gous, A.G.S and Benjamin, D. 2011.  Antibiotic supply chain and management in human health.  South African Medical Journal. 101: 562-566. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742011000800030
  217. Holloway, K., Mathai, E., Gray, A., Chandy, S., Essack, S.Y., Gous, A., Joseph, I., Koppikar, G.V., Kotwani, A., Kulkarni, R., Mathai, M., Matthews, J., Pochee, E., Sturm, A.W., Thatte, U., Thomas, K., and Wattal, C. 2011. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in resource-constrained settings – experience from five pilot projects. Tropical Medicine and International Health 16 (3) 368-374 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02696.x
  218. Holloway, K., Mathai, E., Gray, A., Chandy, S., Essack, S.Y., Gous, A., Joseph, I., Koppikar, G.V., Kotwani, A., Kulkarni, R., Mathai, M., Matthews, J., Pochee, E., Sturm, A.W., Thatte, U., Thomas, K., and Wattal, C. 2011. Surveillance of community antimicrobial use in resource-constrained settings – experience from five pilot projects. Tropical Medicine and International Health 16 (2) 152-161 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02695.x
  219. Essack, S.Y., Naidoo, I. and Barnes, G. 2010. Government Funding as Leverage for Quality Teaching and Learning. Journal of Higher Education and Management Policy, 22 (3): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1787/hemp-22-5km39qsftr0x
  220. Bester, L. and Essack, S.Y. 2010.  Antibiotic Resistance via the Food Chain:  Fact or Fiction.  South African Journal of Science 106: 1-5. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0038-23532010000500007
  221. Mocktar, C, Govinden U, Sturm A W and Essack SY. 2009.  Complexity and diversity of beta-lactamase expression in inhibitor resistant Escherichia coli from public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection.  24: 29-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2009.11441359
  222. Essa, Z.I., Connolly, C. and Essack, S.Y.  2009. Staphylococcus aureus from Public Hospitals in Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa – Infection Detection and Strain Typing. Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection. 24:4-7.  https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2009.11441332
  223. Essack, S.Y. and Uys L.R.  2009. Health Research in South Africa- Are we meeting the need?  South African Journal of Higher Education.  23 (2): 264-274. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC37531
  224. Essack, S.Y., Barnes, G., Jackson, L., Majozi, M., McInerney, P., Mtshali, N., Naidoo, I., Oosthuizen, F. and Suleman. F. 2009.  Maximizing Income via the Higher Education Funding Framework in Health Sciences. South African Journal of Higher Education 23 (2): 275-292. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC37530
  225. Govinden, U., Mocktar, C., Moodley, P., Sturm AW and Essack, S.Y. 2009.  Detection of mutations in the gyrA of clinical Salmonella spp. African Journal of Biotechnology. 8:3011-3014. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/62079
  226. Bester, L and Essack, S.Y.  2008.  Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolates from commercial poultry suppliers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 62 (6):1298-1300.  https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkn408
  227. Mocktar C., Govinden U, Sturm A W and Essack SY. 2008.  The effect of mutations in the AmpC promoter region on β-lactam resistance from an Escherichia coli clinical isolate from  a patient in a public sector hospital in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.  African Journal of Biotechnology.  7: 2547-2550. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/59088
  228. Govinden, U., Mocktar, C., Moodley, P., Sturm AW and Essack, S.Y. 2008. Characterization of ESBLs in Salmonella spp. at a tertiary hospital in Durban South Africa. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 62: 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.04.014
  229. Mocktar C, Govinden U, Sturm A W and Essack SY. 2008.  CMY-20, a novel AmpC-type b–lactamase from South African clinical Escherichia coli isolates.  Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 60: 405-8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.11.009 . 
  230. Govinden U, Mocktar C, Moodley P, Sturm A W and Essack SY.  2007.  Geographical evolution of the CTX-M β-lactamase – an update.  African Journal of Biotechnology, 6: 831-839. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/56913
  231. Mocktar C, Govinden U, Sturm A W and Essack SY.  2007.  TEM-145 and TEM-146 β-lactamases produced by Escherichia coli isolates from state hospitals in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.  African Journal of Biotechnology, 6: 493-496. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/56857
  232. Bester L.A. and Essack S.Y.  2007.  Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolates from poultry in KwaZulu-Natal. Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection; 22: 53 (conference abstract).
  233. Govinden, U., Mocktar, C., Moodley, P., Sturm A.W. and Essack, S.Y.  2006.  CTX-M-37 in Salmonella enterica serotype Isangi from Durban South Africa.  International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 28: 288-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.05.028.
  234. Essack, S.Y.  2006.  Strategies for the Prevention and Containment of Antibiotic Resistance.  South African Family Practice, 48: 51. https://doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2006.10873321
  235. Essack, S.Y., Connolly, C and Sturm, A.W.  2005.  Antibiotic use and resistance in public sector hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. South African Medical Journal, 95:865-870. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16344884/  
  236. Gray, A. and Essack S.Y.  2005.  Monitoring antibiotic use and resistance – a pilot project in South Africa.  Essential Drugs Monitor, 34: 20
  237. Govender, S., Pillay, V., Chetty, D.J., Essack, S. Y. and Govender, T.  2005.  Optimization and characterization of bioadhesive controlled release tetracycline microspheres.  International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 306 (1-2): 24-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.07.026
  238. Essack, S.Y.  2004.  b-Lactamases – An Overview.  Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection, 19:106-114.
  239. Essack, S.Y., Hall, L.M.C. and Livermore, D.M. 2004. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from South Africa with multiple TEM, SHV and AmpC b-lactamases.  International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 23: 398-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.08.010
  240. Essack SY.  2002.  Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: epidemiology, identification, treatment options and strategies to prevent emergence and dissemination. Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection, 17: 6-11.
  241. Essack SY. 2001 The development of b-Lactam antibiotics in response to the Evolution of b-lactamases.  Pharmaceutical Research, 18:1391-9. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1012272403776  
  242. Essack, S.Y., Hall, L.M.C., Livermore, D.M., Mcfadyen, M.L. and Pillay, D.G. 2001.  Complexity and diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with extended-spectrum b-lactamases isolated in 1994 and 1996 at a teaching hospital in Durban, South Africa.  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 45:88-95. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.45.1.88-95.2001
  243. Essack, S.Y. 2000. Unprecedented Resistance to b-Lactam Antibiotics Evident in Durban, South Africa – Surveillance-Based Antibiotic Policies Imperative!  Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection, 15:48-50.
  244. Essack, S.Y. 2000.  Laboratory detection of extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) – the need for a reliable, reproducible method.  Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 37: 293-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0732-8893(00)00152-8 .
  245. Essack, S.Y., Hall, L.M.C., Pillay, D.G., Mcfadyen, M.L. and Livermore, D.M.  2000. Complexity and diversity of extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Durban, South Africa. In Programme and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada, 2000, Poster C1995, p. 121. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC.
  246. Essack, S.Y. 2000. Treatment options for extended-spectrum blactamase ESBL-producers. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 190: 181-184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09283.x
  247. Essack, S.Y., Gounder, P., Jamnadas, S., Naicker, V., Naidoo, K. and Rashid, Z. 2000.  A staphylococcal carrier study among health sciences students trained in hospitals in Durban, South Africa.  Medical Science Research, 28: 135-136.
  248. Essack, S.Y., Hall, L.M.C., Livermore, D.M. and Pillay, D.G. 1998. TEM-62 and TEM-63, novel b-lactamases isolated in South African nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. In Programme and Abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy San Diego, California, 1998, Paper C9, p. 71. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC.
  249. Essack, S.Y., Ally, F.B., Paraw, A. and Pather, P. 1996. Perception of the Pharmacist. South African Pharmaceutical Journal, 63: 45-46.
  250. Essack, S.Y., Badat, A.H., Barmania, Z. and Naidoo, R. 1995. Immunisation Status in          Informal Settlements in South Africa. Medical Science Research, 23: 287.
  251. Essack, S.Y., Alexander, D.M. and Pillay, B. 1995. Synergism of piperacillin/lithium clavulanate in Enterobacter aerogenes producing multiple ß-lactamases. Medical Science Research, 23: 17-18.
  252. Essack, S.Y., Alexander, D.M. and Pillay, B. 1994. A “novel” plasmid-mediated, class I-type ß-lactamase isolated in   Klebsiella pneumoniae in Durban, South Africa. Medical Science Research, 22: 797-798.
  1. Essack, S.Y.  (2025).  AMR Surveillance in Africa: Are We There Yet?  International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 152 Supplement, 107828 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107828
  2. Yaseen, M., Althaqafi, A., Alshamrani, M., Alsaedi, A., Fayssal, F., Hameed, F., Mowallad, A., Tsenk, K. & Essack, S.Y..  (2020).  Assessing Effectiveness of Antibiotic Therapy against Gram-negative Bacteria in a Saudi Hospital using the Drug Resistance Index.  Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 41 (S1), S130-S131.  (published conference abstract) https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.640 
  3. Mbelle, N., Feldman, C., Osei, J., Modipane, L., Maningi, N.E., & Essack, S.Y. (2018).  Resistance mutations and sequence types associated with extended spectrum beta lactamase, quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from South Africa.  International Journal of Infectious Diseases 73: 105-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3659
  4. Essack, S.Y.  (2018). Antibiotic Resistance and One Health: a mapping project.  The Lancet Global Health 6 (S27): 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30156-6
  1. Abia A.L.K and Essack, S.Y. (Eds) 2023. Antimicrobial Research and One Health in Africa.  Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23796-6
  2. Essack, S.Y.   Translating Equitable Access into Retention and Success in African Higher Education: The Role and Responsibility of Individual Institutions.  In O’Hara, S. (Ed) Higher Education in Africa: Equity, Access, Opportunity, Institute of International Education, New York, New York, pp 15-29.
  1. Moshabela, M., Pohl-Albertyn, C., Sifunda, S., Begg, K., Gijsbertsen, B., Reddy, P. & Essack, S., 2021. Health sector [Interim draft]. DPME (Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation), GTAC (Government Technical Advisory Centre) & NRF (National Research Foundation), Pretoria: May. [In Presidency of South Africa (2020). Chapter1.1: The health sector response to the Covid-19 pandemic in South Africa. Interim Country report. Department of Planning Monitoring and Evaluation, in partnership with Government Technical Advisory Centre and National Research Foundation.]
  2. Essack, S.Y. (2015) Rational Use of Antibiotics in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Desktop Review.  WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
  3. Essack, S.Y. (2016) Report on: WHO AFRO National Focal Point Workshop:  Development and Implementation of NAPs for the Prevention and Containment of AMR Using the One Health Approach.    WHO Regional Office for Africa.
  4. Essack, S.Y. & Faure, K. (2017) Report on: 2ND WHO AFRO AMR National Focal Point Workshop: Development and Implementation of National Action Plans for the Prevention and Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance using the One Health Approach.  Brazzaville, WHO Regional Office for Africa.
  5. Essack, S.Y. (2017) Report on: WHO AFRO Train-the-Trainer Workshop:  Development and Implementation of National Action Plans for the Prevention and Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance using the One Health Approach.  Brazzaville, WHO Regional Office for Africa.
  6. Essack, S.Y. (2017). Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Botswana: A Literature Review.  Botswana, WHO Country Office for Botswana.
  7.  
  1. Essack, S.Y. (2025).  Fighting AMR: A One health Call to Action.  https://amrnarrative.org/2025/11/04/fighting-amr-a-one-health-call-to-action/
  2. Essack, S.Y. (2021).  From Treatment Options to Precision Medicine: The Future of “Omics-Based” Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Data.  https://bsac.org.uk/from-trethe-future-of-omics-based-antibiotic-resistance-surveillance-data/   
  3. Essack, S.Y. (2020). Mitigating AMR: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic.  https://www.amr-insights.eu/mitigating-amr-lessons-from-the-covid-19-pandemic/
  4. Essack, S.Y. (2020). WASH Community Programmes Key to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance in Low and Middle-Income Countries https://www.amr-insights.eu/wash-community-programmes-key-to-overcome-antimicrobial-resistance-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-2/ 
  5. Essack, S.Y., Blocker, A. & van Dongen, M. (2020).  Global call to healthcare providers treating COVID-19 patients to implement diagnostic stewardship/microbial diagnostics and exercise prudence in prescribing antibiotics.  https://www.amr-insights.eu/call-to-healthcare-providers-treating-covid-19-patients-to-implement-diagnostic-stewardship-and-exercise-prudence-in-prescribing-antibiotics/
  6. Essack, S.Y. (2016).  Antibiotic Stewardship & Conservation:  Considerations for the Pharmacist: Part I.  https://www.mm3admin.co.za/documents/docmanager/0C43CA52-121E-4F58-B8F6-81F656F2FD17/00090111.pdf